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                <h2 id="Matplotlib之HelloWorld"><a href="#Matplotlib之HelloWorld" class="headerlink" title="Matplotlib之HelloWorld"></a>Matplotlib之HelloWorld</h2><ul>
<li>目标<ul>
<li>了解什么是matplotlib</li>
<li>为什么要学习matplotlib</li>
<li>matplotlib简单图形的绘制</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="什么是Matplotlib"><a href="#什么是Matplotlib" class="headerlink" title="什么是Matplotlib"></a>什么是Matplotlib</h3><ul>
<li>是专门用于开发2D图表(包括3D图表)</li>
<li>以渐进、交互式方式实现数据可视化</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="为什么要学习Matplotlib"><a href="#为什么要学习Matplotlib" class="headerlink" title="为什么要学习Matplotlib"></a>为什么要学习Matplotlib</h3><p>可视化是在整个数据挖掘的关键辅助工具，可以清晰的理解数据，从而调整我们的分析方法。</p>
<ul>
<li>能将数据进行可视化,更直观的呈现</li>
<li>使数据更加客观、更具说服力</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="实现一个简单的Matplotlib画图-折线图"><a href="#实现一个简单的Matplotlib画图-折线图" class="headerlink" title="实现一个简单的Matplotlib画图 - 折线图"></a>实现一个简单的Matplotlib画图 - 折线图</h3><pre class=" language-python"><code class="language-python">
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 创建画布</span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>figure<span class="token punctuation">(</span>figsize<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>dpi<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 绘制折线图</span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>plot<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">7</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">17</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">17</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">18</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">11</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">11</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">13</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 现实图像</span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>show<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></code></pre>
<p><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/bigzcoder/PicBed/img/output_3_0.png" alt="png"></p>
<h3 id="认识Matplot图像结构（了解）"><a href="#认识Matplot图像结构（了解）" class="headerlink" title="认识Matplot图像结构（了解）"></a>认识Matplot图像结构（了解）</h3><p><img src="https://matplotlib.org/stable/_images/anatomy.png" alt=""></p>
<h2 id="基础绘图功能-折线图为例"><a href="#基础绘图功能-折线图为例" class="headerlink" title="基础绘图功能 - 折线图为例"></a>基础绘图功能 - 折线图为例</h2><ul>
<li>目标<ul>
<li>掌握给图形添加辅助功能(如：标注、x,y轴名称、标题等)</li>
<li>知道图形的保存</li>
<li>知道如何多次plot绘制图形</li>
<li>知道如何多个坐标系显示图形</li>
<li>知道折线图的应用场景</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="完善原始折线图-—-给图形添加辅助功能"><a href="#完善原始折线图-—-给图形添加辅助功能" class="headerlink" title="完善原始折线图 — 给图形添加辅助功能"></a>完善原始折线图 — 给图形添加辅助功能</h3><p>为了更好地理解所有基础绘图功能，我们通过天气温度变化的绘图来融合所有的基础API使用</p>
<p><strong>需求：画出某城市11点到12点1小时内每分钟的温度变化折线图，温度范围在15度~18度</strong></p>
<h4 id="准备数据并画出初始折线图"><a href="#准备数据并画出初始折线图" class="headerlink" title="准备数据并画出初始折线图"></a>准备数据并画出初始折线图</h4><pre class=" language-python"><code class="language-python"><span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 0.准备x，y坐标</span>
x<span class="token operator">=</span>range<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">60</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
y_shanghai<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>random<span class="token punctuation">.</span>uniform<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">18</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> i <span class="token keyword">in</span> x<span class="token punctuation">]</span>

<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 1.创建画布</span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>figure<span class="token punctuation">(</span>figsize<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">20</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> dpi<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 2.绘制折线图</span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>plot<span class="token punctuation">(</span>x<span class="token punctuation">,</span>y_shanghai<span class="token punctuation">)</span>

<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 3.显示图像</span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>show<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></code></pre>
<p><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/bigzcoder/PicBed/img/output_7_0.png" alt="png"></p>
<h4 id="给折线图添加各种信息"><a href="#给折线图添加各种信息" class="headerlink" title="给折线图添加各种信息"></a>给折线图添加各种信息</h4><ul>
<li>添加自定义x,y刻度</li>
<li>添加网格显示</li>
<li>添加描述信息</li>
<li>图像保存和显示图像</li>
</ul>
<pre class=" language-python"><code class="language-python"><span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 显示中文标签 </span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>rcParams<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">'font.sans-serif'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">'SimHei'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>rcParams<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">'axes.unicode_minus'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token boolean">False</span>

<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 0.准备x，y坐标</span>
x<span class="token operator">=</span>range<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">60</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
y_shanghai<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>random<span class="token punctuation">.</span>uniform<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">18</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> i <span class="token keyword">in</span> x<span class="token punctuation">]</span>

<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 1.创建画布</span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>figure<span class="token punctuation">(</span>figsize<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">20</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> dpi<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 3.绘制折线图</span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>plot<span class="token punctuation">(</span>x<span class="token punctuation">,</span>y_shanghai<span class="token punctuation">)</span>

<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 2.1.构造x轴、y轴刻度标签（构造表达方式 + 构造步间距离）</span>
y_ticks <span class="token operator">=</span> range<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">40</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
x_ticks_label<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"11点{}分"</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>format<span class="token punctuation">(</span>i<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> i <span class="token keyword">in</span> x<span class="token punctuation">]</span>

<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 设置xticks yticks</span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>yticks<span class="token punctuation">(</span>y_ticks<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>xticks<span class="token punctuation">(</span>x<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>x_ticks_label<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 2.2 添加网格显示</span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>grid<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token boolean">True</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>linestyle<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"--"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>alpha<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">0.5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 2.3 添加描述信息</span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>xlabel<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"时间"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>ylabel<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"温度"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>title<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"中午11点--12点某城市温度变化图"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> fontsize<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">20</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 2.4 图像保存</span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>savefig<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"./test.png"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 4.显示图像</span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>show<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></code></pre>
<p><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/bigzcoder/PicBed/img/output_9_0.png" alt="png"></p>
<h2 id="在一个坐标系中绘制多个图像"><a href="#在一个坐标系中绘制多个图像" class="headerlink" title="在一个坐标系中绘制多个图像"></a>在一个坐标系中绘制多个图像</h2><p>需求：再添加一个城市的温度变化</p>
<p>收集到北京当天温度变化情况，温度在1度到3度。怎么去添加另一个在同一坐标系当中的不同图形，<strong>其实很简单只需要再次plot即可</strong></p>
<pre class=" language-python"><code class="language-python"><span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 显示中文标签 </span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>rcParams<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">'font.sans-serif'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">'SimHei'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>rcParams<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">'axes.unicode_minus'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token boolean">False</span>

<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 0.准备x，y坐标</span>
x<span class="token operator">=</span>range<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">60</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
y_shanghai<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>random<span class="token punctuation">.</span>uniform<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">18</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> i <span class="token keyword">in</span> x<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
y_beijing<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>random<span class="token punctuation">.</span>uniform<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> i <span class="token keyword">in</span> x<span class="token punctuation">]</span>


<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 1.创建画布</span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>figure<span class="token punctuation">(</span>figsize<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">20</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> dpi<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 3.绘制折线图 (!!多个图形绘制)</span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>plot<span class="token punctuation">(</span>x<span class="token punctuation">,</span>y_shanghai<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>plot<span class="token punctuation">(</span>x<span class="token punctuation">,</span> y_beijing<span class="token punctuation">,</span> color<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'r'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> linestyle<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'--'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 2.1.构造x轴、y轴刻度标签（构造表达方式 + 构造步间距离）</span>
y_ticks <span class="token operator">=</span> range<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">40</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
x_ticks_label<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"11点{}分"</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>format<span class="token punctuation">(</span>i<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> i <span class="token keyword">in</span> x<span class="token punctuation">]</span>

<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 设置xticks yticks</span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>yticks<span class="token punctuation">(</span>y_ticks<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>xticks<span class="token punctuation">(</span>x<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>x_ticks_label<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 2.2 添加网格显示</span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>grid<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token boolean">True</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>linestyle<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"--"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>alpha<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">0.5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 2.3 添加描述信息</span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>xlabel<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"时间"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>ylabel<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"温度"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>title<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"中午11点--12点某城市温度变化图"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> fontsize<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">20</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 2.4 图像保存</span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>savefig<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"./test.png"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 4.显示图像</span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>show<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></code></pre>
<p><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/bigzcoder/PicBed/img/output_11_0.png" alt="png"></p>
<h2 id="设置图形风格"><a href="#设置图形风格" class="headerlink" title="设置图形风格"></a>设置图形风格</h2><ul>
<li>r 红色     - 实线</li>
<li>g 绿色     - - 虚线</li>
<li>b 蓝色     -. 点划线</li>
<li>w 白色     : 点虚线</li>
<li>c 青色     ‘ ‘ 留空、空格</li>
<li>m 洋红     </li>
<li>y 黄色     </li>
<li>k 黑色</li>
<li>r 红色 </li>
<li>g 绿色 </li>
<li>b 蓝色</li>
<li>w 白色 </li>
<li>c 青色 </li>
<li>m 洋红</li>
<li>y 黄色</li>
<li>k 黑色</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="显示图例"><a href="#显示图例" class="headerlink" title="显示图例"></a>显示图例</h2><pre class=" language-python"><code class="language-python"><span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 显示中文标签 </span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>rcParams<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">'font.sans-serif'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">'SimHei'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>rcParams<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">'axes.unicode_minus'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token boolean">False</span>

<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 0.准备x，y坐标</span>
x<span class="token operator">=</span>range<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">60</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
y_shanghai<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>random<span class="token punctuation">.</span>uniform<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">18</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> i <span class="token keyword">in</span> x<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
y_beijing<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>random<span class="token punctuation">.</span>uniform<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> i <span class="token keyword">in</span> x<span class="token punctuation">]</span>


<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 1.创建画布</span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>figure<span class="token punctuation">(</span>figsize<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">20</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> dpi<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 3.绘制折线图 (!!多个图形绘制)</span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>plot<span class="token punctuation">(</span>x<span class="token punctuation">,</span>y_shanghai<span class="token punctuation">,</span>label<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"上海"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>plot<span class="token punctuation">(</span>x<span class="token punctuation">,</span> y_beijing<span class="token punctuation">,</span> color<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'r'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> linestyle<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'--'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>label<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"北京"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>legend<span class="token punctuation">(</span>loc<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"best"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 2.1.构造x轴、y轴刻度标签（构造表达方式 + 构造步间距离）</span>
y_ticks <span class="token operator">=</span> range<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">40</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
x_ticks_label<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"11点{}分"</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>format<span class="token punctuation">(</span>i<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> i <span class="token keyword">in</span> x<span class="token punctuation">]</span>

<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 设置xticks yticks</span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>yticks<span class="token punctuation">(</span>y_ticks<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>xticks<span class="token punctuation">(</span>x<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>x_ticks_label<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 2.2 添加网格显示</span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>grid<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token boolean">True</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>linestyle<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"--"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>alpha<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">0.5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 2.3 添加描述信息</span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>xlabel<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"时间"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>ylabel<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"温度"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>title<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"中午11点--12点某城市温度变化图"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> fontsize<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">20</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>


<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 2.4 图像保存</span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>savefig<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"./test.png"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 4.显示图像</span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>show<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></code></pre>
<p><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/bigzcoder/PicBed/img/output_15_0.png" alt="png"></p>
<ul>
<li>‘best’     0</li>
<li>‘upper right’     1</li>
<li>‘upper left’     2</li>
<li>‘lower left’     3</li>
<li>‘lower right’     4</li>
<li>‘right’     5</li>
<li>‘center left’     6</li>
<li>‘center right’     7</li>
<li>‘lower center’     8</li>
<li>‘upper center’     9</li>
<li>‘center’     10</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="多个坐标系显示-plt-subplots-面向对象的画图方法"><a href="#多个坐标系显示-plt-subplots-面向对象的画图方法" class="headerlink" title="多个坐标系显示 plt.subplots(面向对象的画图方法)"></a>多个坐标系显示 plt.subplots(面向对象的画图方法)</h2><pre class=" language-python"><code class="language-python"><span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 0.准备数据</span>
x<span class="token operator">=</span>range<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">60</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

y_shanghai<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>random<span class="token punctuation">.</span>uniform<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">18</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> i <span class="token keyword">in</span> x<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
y_beijing <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>random<span class="token punctuation">.</span>uniform<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> i <span class="token keyword">in</span> x<span class="token punctuation">]</span>

<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 1.创建画布</span>
fig<span class="token punctuation">,</span>axes<span class="token operator">=</span>plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>subplots<span class="token punctuation">(</span>nrows<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>ncols<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>figsize<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">20</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> dpi<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 2.绘制图像</span>
axes<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>plot<span class="token punctuation">(</span>x<span class="token punctuation">,</span> y_shanghai<span class="token punctuation">,</span> label<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"上海"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
axes<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>plot<span class="token punctuation">(</span>x<span class="token punctuation">,</span> y_beijing<span class="token punctuation">,</span> color<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"r"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> linestyle<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"--"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> label<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"北京"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 2.1 添加x,y轴刻度</span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 构造x,y轴刻度标签</span>
x_ticks_label <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"11点{}分"</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>format<span class="token punctuation">(</span>i<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> i <span class="token keyword">in</span> x<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
y_ticks <span class="token operator">=</span> range<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">40</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

axes<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>set_xticks<span class="token punctuation">(</span>x<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
axes<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>set_yticks<span class="token punctuation">(</span>y_ticks<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
axes<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>set_xticklabels<span class="token punctuation">(</span>x_ticks_label<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

axes<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>set_xticks<span class="token punctuation">(</span>x<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
axes<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>set_yticks<span class="token punctuation">(</span>y_ticks<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
axes<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>set_xticklabels<span class="token punctuation">(</span>x_ticks_label<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 2.2 添加网格显示</span>
axes<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>grid<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token boolean">True</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> linestyle<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"--"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> alpha<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">0.5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
axes<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>grid<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token boolean">True</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> linestyle<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"--"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> alpha<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">0.5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 2.3 添加描述信息</span>
axes<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>set_xlabel<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"时间"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
axes<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>set_ylabel<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"温度"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
axes<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>set_title<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"中午11点--12点某城市温度变化图"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> fontsize<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">20</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

axes<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>set_xlabel<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"时间"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
axes<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>set_ylabel<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"温度"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
axes<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>set_title<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"中午11点--12点某城市温度变化图"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> fontsize<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">20</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># # 2.4 图像保存</span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>savefig<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"./test.png"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># # 2.5 添加图例</span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># plt.legend(loc=0)</span>
axes<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>legend<span class="token punctuation">(</span>loc<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
axes<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>legend<span class="token punctuation">(</span>loc<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 3.图像显示</span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>show<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></code></pre>
<p><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/bigzcoder/PicBed/img/output_18_0.png" alt="png"></p>
<h2 id="折线图的应用场景"><a href="#折线图的应用场景" class="headerlink" title="折线图的应用场景"></a>折线图的应用场景</h2><ul>
<li>呈现公司产品(不同区域)每天活跃用户数</li>
<li>呈现app每天下载数量</li>
<li>呈现产品新功能上线后,用户点击次数随时间的变化</li>
<li>拓展：画各种数学函数图像</li>
</ul>
<pre class=" language-python"><code class="language-python"><span class="token keyword">import</span> numpy <span class="token keyword">as</span> np
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 0.准备数据</span>
x <span class="token operator">=</span> np<span class="token punctuation">.</span>linspace<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1000</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
y <span class="token operator">=</span> np<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sin<span class="token punctuation">(</span>x<span class="token punctuation">)</span>

<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 1.创建画布</span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>figure<span class="token punctuation">(</span>figsize<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">20</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> dpi<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 2.绘制函数图像</span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>plot<span class="token punctuation">(</span>x<span class="token punctuation">,</span> y<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 2.1 添加网格显示</span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>grid<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 3.显示图像</span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>show<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></code></pre>
<p><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/bigzcoder/PicBed/img/output_21_0.png" alt="png"></p>
<h2 id="常见图形绘制"><a href="#常见图形绘制" class="headerlink" title="常见图形绘制"></a>常见图形绘制</h2><ul>
<li>折线图</li>
<li>散点图</li>
<li>柱状图</li>
<li>直方图</li>
<li>饼图</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="折线图"><a href="#折线图" class="headerlink" title="折线图"></a>折线图</h3><p>特点：能够显示数据的变化趋势，反映事物的变化情况。(变化)</p>
<p><code>api：plt.plot(x, y)</code></p>
<h3 id="散点图"><a href="#散点图" class="headerlink" title="散点图"></a>散点图</h3><p>特点：判断变量之间是否存在数量关联趋势,展示离群点(分布规律)</p>
<p><code>api：plt.scatter(x, y)</code></p>
<pre class=" language-python"><code class="language-python">x <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">225.98</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247.07</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">253.14</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">457.85</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241.58</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">301.01</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>  <span class="token number">20.67</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">288.64</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
       <span class="token number">163.56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">120.06</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">207.83</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">342.75</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">147.9</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span>  <span class="token number">53.06</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224.72</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>  <span class="token number">29.51</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
        <span class="token number">21.61</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">483.21</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">245.25</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">399.25</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">343.35</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>

y <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">196.63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">203.88</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">210.75</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">372.74</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202.41</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247.61</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>  <span class="token number">24.9</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">239.34</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
       <span class="token number">140.32</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">104.15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176.84</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">288.23</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">128.79</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>  <span class="token number">49.64</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">191.74</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>  <span class="token number">33.1</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span>
        <span class="token number">30.74</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">400.02</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">205.35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">330.64</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">283.45</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>

<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 1.创建画布</span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>figure<span class="token punctuation">(</span>figsize<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">20</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> dpi<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 2.绘制散点图</span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>scatter<span class="token punctuation">(</span>x<span class="token punctuation">,</span> y<span class="token punctuation">)</span>

<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 3.显示图像</span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>show<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></code></pre>
<p><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/bigzcoder/PicBed/img/output_25_0.png" alt="png"></p>
<h3 id="柱状图"><a href="#柱状图" class="headerlink" title="柱状图"></a>柱状图</h3><p>特点：绘制连离散的数据,能够一眼看出各个数据的大小,比较数据之间的差别。(统计/对比)</p>
<p><code>api：plt.bar(x, width, align='center', **kwargs)</code></p>
<p>Parameters:<br>x : 需要传递的数据</p>
<p>width : 柱状图的宽度</p>
<p>align : 每个柱状图的位置对齐方式<br>    {‘center’, ‘edge’}, optional, default: ‘center’</p>
<p>**kwargs :<br>color:选择柱状图的颜色</p>
<pre class=" language-python"><code class="language-python"><span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 0.准备数据</span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 电影名字</span>
movie_name <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">'雷神3：诸神黄昏'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'正义联盟'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'东方快车谋杀案'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'寻梦环游记'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'全球风暴'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'降魔传'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'追捕'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'七十七天'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'密战'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'狂兽'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'其它'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 横坐标</span>
x <span class="token operator">=</span> range<span class="token punctuation">(</span>len<span class="token punctuation">(</span>movie_name<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 票房数据</span>
y <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">73853</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">57767</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">22354</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">15969</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">14839</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">8725</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">8716</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">8318</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">7916</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">6764</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">52222</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>

<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 1.创建画布</span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>figure<span class="token punctuation">(</span>figsize<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">20</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> dpi<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 2.绘制柱状图</span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>bar<span class="token punctuation">(</span>x<span class="token punctuation">,</span> y<span class="token punctuation">,</span> width<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">0.5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> color<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">'b'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'r'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'g'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'y'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'c'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'m'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'y'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'k'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'c'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'g'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'b'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 2.1b修改x轴的刻度显示</span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>xticks<span class="token punctuation">(</span>x<span class="token punctuation">,</span> movie_name<span class="token punctuation">)</span>

<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 2.2 添加网格显示</span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>grid<span class="token punctuation">(</span>linestyle<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"--"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> alpha<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">0.5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 2.3 添加标题</span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>title<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"电影票房收入对比"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 3.显示图像</span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>show<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></code></pre>
<p><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/bigzcoder/PicBed/img/output_27_0.png" alt="png"></p>
<h3 id="直方图"><a href="#直方图" class="headerlink" title="直方图"></a>直方图</h3><p>特点：绘制连续性的数据展示一组或者多组数据的分布状况(统计)</p>
<p>api：matplotlib.pyplot.hist(x, bins=None)</p>
<p>Parameters:<br>x : 需要传递的数据<br>bins : 组距</p>
<h3 id="饼图："><a href="#饼图：" class="headerlink" title="饼图："></a>饼图：</h3><p>特点：分类数据的占比情况(占比)</p>
<p><code>api：plt.pie(x, labels=,autopct=,colors)</code></p>
<p>Parameters:<br>x:数量，自动算百分比<br>labels:每部分名称<br>autopct:占比显示指定%1.2f%%<br>colors:每部分颜色</p>
<h2 id="小结"><a href="#小结" class="headerlink" title="小结"></a>小结</h2><ul>
<li>添加x、y轴<ul>
<li>plt.xticks()</li>
<li>plt.yticks()</li>
<li><strong>注意:在传递进去的第一个参数必须是数字,不能是字符串,如果是字符串吗,需要进行替换操作</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>添加网格显示【知道】<ul>
<li>plt.grid(linestyle=”–”, alpha=0.5)</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>添加描述信息【知道】<ul>
<li>plt.xlabel()</li>
<li>plt.ylabel()</li>
<li>plt.title()</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>图像保存【知道】<ul>
<li>plt.savefig(“路径”)</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>多次plot【了解】<ul>
<li>直接进行添加就OK</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>显示图例【知道】<ul>
<li>plt.legend(loc=”best”)</li>
<li>注意:一定要在plt.plot()里面设置一个label,如果不设置,没法显示</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>多个坐标系显示【了解】<ul>
<li>plt.subplots(nrows=, ncols=)</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>折线图的应用【知道】<ul>
<li>应用于观察数据的变化</li>
<li>可是画出一些数学函数图像</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>常见图形绘制<ul>
<li>折线图 plt.plot()</li>
<li>散点图 plt.scatter()</li>
<li>柱状图【知道】 plt.bar(x, width, align=”center”)</li>
<li>直方图【知道】 plt.hist(x, bins)</li>
<li>饼图【知道】 plt.pie(x, labels, autopct, colors)</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
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